diff --git a/frontend/src/App.test.tsx b/frontend/src/App.test.tsx
index d1e90fd9..0ad1a8e5 100644
--- a/frontend/src/App.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/App.test.tsx
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ import { App } from "./App";
 
 test("App renders the shell with create affordance", () => {
   render(<App />);
-  expect(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /nuova/i })).toBeInTheDocument();
+  expect(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /new/i })).toBeInTheDocument();
 });
diff --git a/frontend/src/shell/AppShell.tsx b/frontend/src/shell/AppShell.tsx
index 67754427..5fbe99ac 100644
--- a/frontend/src/shell/AppShell.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/shell/AppShell.tsx
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ export function AppShell() {
             Thoth<span className="text-primary">II</span>
           </h1>
           <p className="mt-1.5 text-[0.7rem] uppercase tracking-[0.14em] text-muted-foreground">
-            Query in linguaggio naturale
+            Datamart Builder with Human In The Loop
           </p>
         </div>
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ export function AppShell() {
 
         <div className="px-4 pb-1.5 pt-1">
           <span className="text-[0.7rem] font-bold uppercase tracking-[0.12em] text-primary">
-            Sessioni
+            Sessions
           </span>
         </div>
         <div className="flex-1 overflow-y-auto px-2 pb-4">
@@ -95,8 +95,9 @@ function EmptyState() {
         Thoth<span className="text-primary">II</span>
       </span>
       <p className="mt-4 max-w-md text-balance text-[0.95rem] leading-relaxed text-muted-foreground">
-        Interroga il tuo data warehouse in linguaggio naturale. Crea una nuova
-        domanda dal pannello a destra per avviare una sessione guidata.
+        Build datamarts from your data warehouse through a guided,
+        human-in-the-loop workflow. Start a new question from the panel on the
+        right to begin a session.
       </p>
     </div>
   );
diff --git a/frontend/src/shell/NavSessions.tsx b/frontend/src/shell/NavSessions.tsx
index 0512ae4b..f35f288c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/shell/NavSessions.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/shell/NavSessions.tsx
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ export function NavSessions({ activeSessionId, onSessionSelect }: Props) {
   if (sessions.length === 0) {
     return (
       <p className="px-1 py-6 text-center text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-        Nessuna sessione. Inizia con <span className="font-medium text-foreground">Nuova domanda</span>.
+        No sessions yet. Start with <span className="font-medium text-foreground">New question</span>.
       </p>
     );
   }
diff --git a/frontend/src/shell/NewSessionDialog.test.tsx b/frontend/src/shell/NewSessionDialog.test.tsx
index 09338401..aa276a3e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/shell/NewSessionDialog.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/shell/NewSessionDialog.test.tsx
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ function renderDialog() {
 
 test("the form has only a question field (no workspace/model/provider/thinking)", async () => {
   renderDialog();
-  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /nuova/i }));
-  expect(await screen.findByLabelText(/domanda/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
+  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /new/i }));
+  expect(await screen.findByLabelText(/question/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
   expect(screen.queryByLabelText(/workspace/i)).not.toBeInTheDocument();
-  expect(screen.queryByLabelText(/modello/i)).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+  expect(screen.queryByLabelText(/model/i)).not.toBeInTheDocument();
   expect(screen.queryByLabelText(/provider/i)).not.toBeInTheDocument();
   expect(screen.queryByLabelText(/thinking/i)).not.toBeInTheDocument();
 });
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ test("submitting posts only { question } and calls onCreated", async () => {
     }),
   );
   const { onCreated } = renderDialog();
-  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /nuova/i }));
-  await userEvent.type(await screen.findByLabelText(/domanda/i), "Quante vendite nel 2025?");
-  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /^crea$/i }));
+  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /new/i }));
+  await userEvent.type(await screen.findByLabelText(/question/i), "Quante vendite nel 2025?");
+  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /^create$/i }));
 
   await waitFor(() => expect(body).toEqual({ question: "Quante vendite nel 2025?" }));
   await waitFor(() => expect(onCreated).toHaveBeenCalledWith("s1"));
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ test("submitting posts only { question } and calls onCreated", async () => {
 
 test("empty question shows a validation error and does not submit", async () => {
   renderDialog();
-  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /nuova/i }));
-  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /^crea$/i }));
-  expect(await screen.findByRole("alert")).toHaveTextContent(/vuota/i);
+  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /new/i }));
+  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /^create$/i }));
+  expect(await screen.findByRole("alert")).toHaveTextContent(/empty/i);
 });
diff --git a/frontend/src/shell/NewSessionDialog.tsx b/frontend/src/shell/NewSessionDialog.tsx
index a21752f5..3a8053a0 100644
--- a/frontend/src/shell/NewSessionDialog.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/shell/NewSessionDialog.tsx
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ export function NewSessionDialog({ onCreated }: Props) {
     e.preventDefault();
     setError(null);
     if (!question.trim()) {
-      setError("La domanda non può essere vuota.");
+      setError("The question cannot be empty.");
       return;
     }
     setBusy(true);
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ export function NewSessionDialog({ onCreated }: Props) {
       setQuestion("");
       onCreated(id);
     } catch (err) {
-      setError(err instanceof Error ? err.message : "Errore nella creazione della sessione.");
+      setError(err instanceof Error ? err.message : "Failed to create the session.");
     } finally {
       setBusy(false);
     }
@@ -47,16 +47,16 @@ export function NewSessionDialog({ onCreated }: Props) {
         className="w-full"
         onClick={() => setOpen(true)}
       >
-        Nuova domanda
+        New question
       </Button>
       <DialogContent showCloseButton={false}>
         <DialogHeader>
-          <DialogTitle>Nuova sessione</DialogTitle>
+          <DialogTitle>New session</DialogTitle>
         </DialogHeader>
         <form onSubmit={handleSubmit} className="flex flex-col gap-3">
           <div>
             <label className="mb-1.5 block text-xs font-medium text-muted-foreground" htmlFor="nsd-question">
-              Domanda
+              Question
             </label>
             <textarea
               id="nsd-question"
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ export function NewSessionDialog({ onCreated }: Props) {
               onChange={(e) => setQuestion(e.target.value)}
               rows={3}
               className="w-full resize-none rounded-lg border border-input bg-card px-3 py-2 text-sm outline-none transition-colors placeholder:text-muted-foreground focus:border-primary/50 focus:ring-3 focus:ring-ring/15"
-              placeholder="Inserisci la tua domanda…"
+              placeholder="Enter your question…"
             />
           </div>
 
@@ -81,10 +81,10 @@ export function NewSessionDialog({ onCreated }: Props) {
               size="sm"
               onClick={() => setOpen(false)}
             >
-              Annulla
+              Cancel
             </Button>
             <Button type="submit" size="sm" disabled={busy}>
-              {busy ? "Creazione…" : "Crea"}
+              {busy ? "Creating…" : "Create"}
             </Button>
           </div>
         </form>
diff --git a/frontend/src/shell/SettingsDialog.test.tsx b/frontend/src/shell/SettingsDialog.test.tsx
index 2b33e75c..134a7ebf 100644
--- a/frontend/src/shell/SettingsDialog.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/shell/SettingsDialog.test.tsx
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ test("provider change filters the model list", async () => {
 
   const provider = (await screen.findByLabelText(/provider/i)) as HTMLSelectElement;
   await userEvent.selectOptions(provider, "anthropic");
-  const model = screen.getByLabelText(/modello/i) as HTMLSelectElement;
+  const model = screen.getByLabelText(/model/i) as HTMLSelectElement;
   const optionValues = Array.from(model.options).map((o) => o.value);
   expect(optionValues).toContain("claude-opus-4-8");
   expect(optionValues).not.toContain("glm-5.2");
@@ -65,14 +65,14 @@ test("Salva PUTs the selected settings", async () => {
   server.use(
     http.put("http://localhost:8787/settings", async ({ request }) => {
       body = await request.json();
-      return HttpResponse.json(body);
+      return HttpResponse.json({ workspace: "psd", provider: "zai", model: "glm-5.2", thinking: "high" });
     }),
   );
   renderDialog();
   await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /settings/i }));
   await screen.findByLabelText(/workspace/i);
   await userEvent.selectOptions(screen.getByLabelText(/thinking/i), "high");
-  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /salva/i }));
+  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /save/i }));
 
   await waitFor(() =>
     expect(body).toEqual({ workspace: "psd", provider: "zai", model: "glm-5.2", thinking: "high" }),
diff --git a/frontend/src/shell/SettingsDialog.tsx b/frontend/src/shell/SettingsDialog.tsx
index 717700de..19aa4c6e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/shell/SettingsDialog.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/shell/SettingsDialog.tsx
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ export function SettingsDialog() {
       await queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ["settings"] });
       setOpen(false);
     } catch (err) {
-      setError(err instanceof Error ? err.message : "Errore nel salvataggio dei settings.");
+      setError(err instanceof Error ? err.message : "Failed to save settings.");
     } finally {
       setBusy(false);
     }
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ export function SettingsDialog() {
                 }}
                 className="w-full rounded-lg border border-input bg-card px-3 py-2 text-sm outline-none transition-colors focus:border-primary/50 focus:ring-3 focus:ring-ring/15"
               >
-                <option value="">— tutti —</option>
+                <option value="">— all —</option>
                 {providers.map((p) => (
                   <option key={p} value={p}>
                     {p}
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ export function SettingsDialog() {
                 type="text"
                 value={provider}
                 onChange={(e) => setProvider(e.target.value)}
-                placeholder="es. anthropic"
+                placeholder="e.g. anthropic"
                 className="w-full rounded-lg border border-input bg-card px-3 py-2 text-sm outline-none transition-colors focus:border-primary/50 focus:ring-3 focus:ring-ring/15"
                 data-testid="provider-freetext"
               />
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ export function SettingsDialog() {
 
           <div>
             <label className="mb-1.5 block text-xs font-medium text-muted-foreground" htmlFor="set-model">
-              Modello
+              Model
             </label>
             {hasModels ? (
               <select
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ export function SettingsDialog() {
                 type="text"
                 value={model}
                 onChange={(e) => setModel(e.target.value)}
-                placeholder="es. glm-5.2"
+                placeholder="e.g. glm-5.2"
                 className="w-full rounded-lg border border-input bg-card px-3 py-2 text-sm outline-none transition-colors focus:border-primary/50 focus:ring-3 focus:ring-ring/15"
                 data-testid="model-freetext"
               />
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ export function SettingsDialog() {
 
           {!hasModels && (
             <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-              Pi non ha restituito modelli (non in esecuzione o nessuna API key): inserimento libero.
+              Pi returned no models (not running or no API key): free text entry.
             </p>
           )}
           {error && (
@@ -215,10 +215,10 @@ export function SettingsDialog() {
 
           <div className="flex justify-end gap-2 pt-1">
             <Button type="button" variant="outline" size="sm" onClick={() => setOpen(false)}>
-              Annulla
+              Cancel
             </Button>
             <Button type="submit" size="sm" disabled={busy}>
-              {busy ? "Salvataggio…" : "Salva"}
+              {busy ? "Saving…" : "Save"}
             </Button>
           </div>
         </form>
diff --git a/frontend/src/shell/SteerInput.tsx b/frontend/src/shell/SteerInput.tsx
index 9c3d4527..07d02fc2 100644
--- a/frontend/src/shell/SteerInput.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/shell/SteerInput.tsx
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ export function SteerInput({ sessionId }: Props) {
         value={text}
         onChange={(e) => setText(e.target.value)}
         onKeyDown={handleKeyDown}
-        placeholder="Steering libero (!)…"
+        placeholder="Free steering (!)…"
         aria-label="Steering"
         className="flex-1 bg-transparent px-2 text-sm outline-none placeholder:text-muted-foreground"
       />
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ export function SteerInput({ sessionId }: Props) {
         size="icon-sm"
         onClick={submit}
         disabled={!text.trim()}
-        aria-label="Invia"
+        aria-label="Send"
       >
         <ArrowUpIcon />
       </Button>
diff --git a/frontend/src/shell/WidgetHost.tsx b/frontend/src/shell/WidgetHost.tsx
index 0436e357..ca9f4c8c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/shell/WidgetHost.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/shell/WidgetHost.tsx
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ export function WidgetHost({ sessionId }: { sessionId: string | null }) {
           level: "error",
           text:
             err instanceof Error
-              ? `Invio risposta fallito: ${err.message}`
-              : "Invio risposta fallito.",
+              ? `Failed to send response: ${err.message}`
+              : "Failed to send response.",
         });
         return;
       }
diff --git a/frontend/src/shell/WorkflowBar.tsx b/frontend/src/shell/WorkflowBar.tsx
index c22f5d64..1bfae4da 100644
--- a/frontend/src/shell/WorkflowBar.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/shell/WorkflowBar.tsx
@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@
 import { useSessionStore } from "../store/sessionStore";
 
 const PHASES = [
-  { id: "F1", name: "Disambiguazione" },
+  { id: "F1", name: "Disambiguation" },
   { id: "F2", name: "Schema linking" },
-  { id: "F3", name: "Esplorazione" },
-  { id: "F4", name: "Piano SQL" },
-  { id: "F5", name: "Generazione SQL" },
-  { id: "F6", name: "Validazione" },
-  { id: "F7", name: "Revisione" },
-  { id: "F8", name: "Risultati" },
+  { id: "F3", name: "Exploration" },
+  { id: "F4", name: "SQL plan" },
+  { id: "F5", name: "SQL generation" },
+  { id: "F6", name: "Validation" },
+  { id: "F7", name: "Review" },
+  { id: "F8", name: "Results" },
 ];
 
 export function WorkflowBar() {
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ export function WorkflowBar() {
 
   return (
     <nav
-      aria-label="Avanzamento workflow"
+      aria-label="Workflow progress"
       className="flex items-center gap-0 overflow-x-auto py-0.5"
     >
       {PHASES.map((p, i) => {
diff --git a/frontend/src/shell/f1-loop.test.tsx b/frontend/src/shell/f1-loop.test.tsx
index 22642404..5356b414 100644
--- a/frontend/src/shell/f1-loop.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/shell/f1-loop.test.tsx
@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ test("F1: create session -> widget via SSE -> respond -> POST /response", async
   render(<App />);
 
   // Open the "Nuova domanda" dialog
-  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /nuova/i }));
+  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /new/i }));
 
   // Fill in the question and submit
-  const textarea = await screen.findByLabelText(/domanda/i);
+  const textarea = await screen.findByLabelText(/question/i);
   await userEvent.type(textarea, "Quante vendite?");
-  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /^crea$/i }));
+  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /^create$/i }));
 
   // Wait for the session to be created and SSE to connect
   await waitFor(() => expect(FakeEventSource.instances).toHaveLength(1));
diff --git a/frontend/src/viewers/ResultsPanel.test.tsx b/frontend/src/viewers/ResultsPanel.test.tsx
index d205e485..191d3cd7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/viewers/ResultsPanel.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/viewers/ResultsPanel.test.tsx
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ test("(a) renders grid cells for a 2×2 preview result", async () => {
   // Grid must be present, not bold scalar
   expect(screen.queryByTestId("scalar-value")).not.toBeInTheDocument();
 
-  // truncated:true → show the "risultati troncati" indicator
-  expect(screen.getByText(/risultati troncati/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
+  // truncated:true → show the "results truncated" indicator
+  expect(screen.getByText(/results truncated/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
 });
 
 // (b) 1×1 preview → bold scalar shown, no grid
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ test("(c) Esporta CSV button calls the export endpoint", async () => {
   // Wait for preview to load (use role to avoid ambiguity with paging panel)
   await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getAllByRole("gridcell")).not.toHaveLength(0));
 
-  const btn = screen.getByRole("button", { name: /esporta csv/i });
+  const btn = screen.getByRole("button", { name: /export csv/i });
   await user.click(btn);
 
   await waitFor(() => expect(exportCalled).toBe(true));
@@ -136,9 +136,9 @@ test("(d) selecting tutti re-fetches preview with the large limit", async () =>
   // Initial fetch uses limit 10
   await waitFor(() => expect(limits).toContain(10));
 
-  // Select "tutti"
-  const select = screen.getByLabelText(/righe da visualizzare/i);
-  await user.selectOptions(select, "tutti");
+  // Select "all"
+  const select = screen.getByLabelText(/rows to display/i);
+  await user.selectOptions(select, "all");
 
   // A re-fetch with the large/unlimited limit must occur
   await waitFor(() => expect(limits.some((l) => (l as number) > 10)).toBe(true));
diff --git a/frontend/src/viewers/ResultsPanel.tsx b/frontend/src/viewers/ResultsPanel.tsx
index 3200d9c7..f09e481d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/viewers/ResultsPanel.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/viewers/ResultsPanel.tsx
@@ -47,20 +47,20 @@ export function ResultsPanel({ sessionId }: Props) {
         <select
           value={limit}
           onChange={(e) =>
-            setLimit(e.target.value === "tutti" ? 1_000_000 : Number(e.target.value))
+            setLimit(e.target.value === "all" ? 1_000_000 : Number(e.target.value))
           }
-          aria-label="Righe da visualizzare"
+          aria-label="Rows to display"
         >
           <option value={10}>10</option>
-          <option value="tutti">tutti</option>
+          <option value="all">all</option>
         </select>
 
-        <button onClick={handleExport}>Esporta CSV</button>
+        <button onClick={handleExport}>Export CSV</button>
       </div>
 
       {/* Loading / error states */}
-      {isLoading && <div>Caricamento...</div>}
-      {error && <div>Errore: {String(error)}</div>}
+      {isLoading && <div>Loading…</div>}
+      {error && <div>Error: {String(error)}</div>}
 
       {/* Scalar result: 1 col × 1 row → bold value */}
       {data && isScalar && (
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ export function ResultsPanel({ sessionId }: Props) {
           <div className="ag-theme-alpine" style={{ height: 400, width: "100%" }}>
             <AgGridReact columnDefs={columnDefs} rowData={rowData} />
           </div>
-          {data.truncated && <div>(risultati troncati)</div>}
+          {data.truncated && <div>(results truncated)</div>}
         </>
       )}
     </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/viewers/SchemaLinkingViewer.test.tsx b/frontend/src/viewers/SchemaLinkingViewer.test.tsx
index 7651d2a9..9ae5c0d3 100644
--- a/frontend/src/viewers/SchemaLinkingViewer.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/viewers/SchemaLinkingViewer.test.tsx
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ test("(b) clicking toggle switches to table listing a promoted table name", asyn
   // wait for mermaid to load
   await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByTestId("mm")).toBeInTheDocument());
 
-  const toggle = screen.getByRole("button", { name: /tabella/i });
+  const toggle = screen.getByRole("button", { name: /table/i });
   await userEvent.click(toggle);
 
   expect(screen.getByText("orders")).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test("(b) clicking toggle switches to table listing a promoted table name", asyn
 test("(c) oversized linking (>45) shows cap notice", () => {
   render(<SchemaLinkingViewer linking={bigLinking} />);
   expect(
-    screen.getByText(/troppi elementi per il grafico/i)
+    screen.getByText(/too many elements for the graph/i)
   ).toBeInTheDocument();
 });
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/viewers/SchemaLinkingViewer.tsx b/frontend/src/viewers/SchemaLinkingViewer.tsx
index c0b9ea24..32b3fc57 100644
--- a/frontend/src/viewers/SchemaLinkingViewer.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/viewers/SchemaLinkingViewer.tsx
@@ -109,19 +109,19 @@ export function SchemaLinkingViewer({ linking }: { linking: SchemaLinking }) {
           disabled={oversized}
           className={view === "chart" ? "font-bold" : ""}
         >
-          Grafico
+          Graph
         </button>
         <button
           onClick={() => setView("table")}
           className={view === "table" ? "font-bold" : ""}
         >
-          Tabella
+          Table
         </button>
       </div>
 
       {oversized && (
         <p className="text-sm text-amber-600">
-          Troppi elementi per il grafico, usa la tabella
+          Too many elements for the graph, use the table
         </p>
       )}
 
@@ -137,9 +137,9 @@ export function SchemaLinkingViewer({ linking }: { linking: SchemaLinking }) {
         <table className="w-full text-sm border-collapse">
           <thead>
             <tr>
-              <th className="text-left border-b py-1">Nome</th>
-              <th className="text-left border-b py-1">Tipo</th>
-              <th className="text-left border-b py-1">Perché</th>
+              <th className="text-left border-b py-1">Name</th>
+              <th className="text-left border-b py-1">Type</th>
+              <th className="text-left border-b py-1">Why</th>
             </tr>
           </thead>
           <tbody>
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ export function SchemaLinkingViewer({ linking }: { linking: SchemaLinking }) {
               <React.Fragment key={table.name}>
                 <tr className="font-semibold bg-muted/30">
                   <td className="py-1 pl-1">{table.name}</td>
-                  <td>tabella</td>
+                  <td>table</td>
                   <td className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
                     {reasonFor(table)}
                   </td>
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ export function SchemaLinkingViewer({ linking }: { linking: SchemaLinking }) {
                     <td className="py-0.5 pl-4 text-muted-foreground">
                       {col.name}
                     </td>
-                    <td>colonna</td>
+                    <td>column</td>
                     <td className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
                       {reasonFor(col)}
                     </td>
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ export function SchemaLinkingViewer({ linking }: { linking: SchemaLinking }) {
                 <td className="py-0.5 pl-1 text-muted-foreground">
                   {col.name}
                 </td>
-                <td>colonna</td>
+                <td>column</td>
                 <td className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
                   {reasonFor(col)}
                 </td>
diff --git a/frontend/src/viewers/SqlViewer.test.tsx b/frontend/src/viewers/SqlViewer.test.tsx
index 4f623b1b..8e58b60e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/viewers/SqlViewer.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/viewers/SqlViewer.test.tsx
@@ -71,16 +71,16 @@ test("(c) layout toggle flips its label between Orizzontale and Verticale", asyn
   await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getAllByTestId("hl")).toHaveLength(2));
 
   // Default layout is vertical, so the toggle offers "Orizzontale".
-  const toggle = screen.getByRole("button", { name: /orizzontale/i });
+  const toggle = screen.getByRole("button", { name: /horizontal/i });
   expect(toggle).toBeInTheDocument();
 
   await userEvent.click(toggle);
 
   // After switching to horizontal, the toggle now offers "Verticale".
   expect(
-    screen.getByRole("button", { name: /verticale/i })
+    screen.getByRole("button", { name: /vertical/i })
   ).toBeInTheDocument();
   expect(
-    screen.queryByRole("button", { name: /orizzontale/i })
+    screen.queryByRole("button", { name: /horizontal/i })
   ).not.toBeInTheDocument();
 });
diff --git a/frontend/src/viewers/SqlViewer.tsx b/frontend/src/viewers/SqlViewer.tsx
index d22709f9..5b95a6f9 100644
--- a/frontend/src/viewers/SqlViewer.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/viewers/SqlViewer.tsx
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ export function SqlViewer({ blocks }: { blocks: SqlBlock[] }) {
             setLayout((l) => (l === "vertical" ? "horizontal" : "vertical"))
           }
         >
-          {layout === "vertical" ? "Orizzontale" : "Verticale"}
+          {layout === "vertical" ? "Horizontal" : "Vertical"}
         </button>
       </div>
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/widgets/ArtifactGateWidget.test.tsx b/frontend/src/widgets/ArtifactGateWidget.test.tsx
index 5e68299d..1facd7da 100644
--- a/frontend/src/widgets/ArtifactGateWidget.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/widgets/ArtifactGateWidget.test.tsx
@@ -49,6 +49,6 @@ test("reserved control responds with control field", async () => {
       onRespond={onRespond}
     />
   );
-  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /indietro/i }));
+  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /back/i }));
   expect(onRespond).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ id: "u1", control: "back" });
 });
diff --git a/frontend/src/widgets/FallbackWidget.tsx b/frontend/src/widgets/FallbackWidget.tsx
index bc937334..8ce63d4c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/widgets/FallbackWidget.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/widgets/FallbackWidget.tsx
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ export function FallbackWidget({ descriptor, onRespond }: WidgetProps) {
   const [text, setText] = useState("");
   return (
     <div className="border rounded p-3 space-y-2">
-      <p className="text-sm text-amber-600">Widget non supportato (kind: {descriptor.widget}) — rispondi manualmente</p>
+      <p className="text-sm text-amber-600">Unsupported widget (kind: {descriptor.widget}) — respond manually</p>
       <pre className="text-xs overflow-auto max-h-48 bg-muted p-2">{JSON.stringify(descriptor, null, 2)}</pre>
       <textarea className="w-full border rounded p-1" value={text} onChange={(e) => setText(e.target.value)} />
-      <button className="border rounded px-2 py-1" onClick={() => onRespond({ id: descriptor.id, control: "freetext", text })}>Invia</button>
+      <button className="border rounded px-2 py-1" onClick={() => onRespond({ id: descriptor.id, control: "freetext", text })}>Send</button>
     </div>
   );
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/widgets/FreetextWidget.test.tsx b/frontend/src/widgets/FreetextWidget.test.tsx
index 64db4be6..665ae121 100644
--- a/frontend/src/widgets/FreetextWidget.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/widgets/FreetextWidget.test.tsx
@@ -5,6 +5,6 @@ test("submits typed text", async () => {
   const onRespond = vi.fn();
   render(<FreetextWidget descriptor={{ id: "u1", widget: "freetext" }} onRespond={onRespond} />);
   await userEvent.type(screen.getByRole("textbox"), "ciao");
-  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /invia/i }));
+  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /send/i }));
   expect(onRespond).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ id: "u1", kind: "freetext", text: "ciao" });
 });
diff --git a/frontend/src/widgets/FreetextWidget.tsx b/frontend/src/widgets/FreetextWidget.tsx
index 178c4844..ae1d1655 100644
--- a/frontend/src/widgets/FreetextWidget.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/widgets/FreetextWidget.tsx
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ export function FreetextWidget({ descriptor, onRespond }: WidgetProps) {
     <div className="space-y-2">
       {descriptor.title && <p className="font-medium">{descriptor.title}</p>}
       <textarea className="w-full border rounded p-2" value={text} onChange={(e) => setText(e.target.value)} />
-      <button className="border rounded px-3 py-1" onClick={() => onRespond({ id: descriptor.id, kind: "freetext", text })}>Invia</button>
+      <button className="border rounded px-3 py-1" onClick={() => onRespond({ id: descriptor.id, kind: "freetext", text })}>Send</button>
     </div>
   );
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/widgets/MultiselectWidget.test.tsx b/frontend/src/widgets/MultiselectWidget.test.tsx
index 19b47658..97d93b2b 100644
--- a/frontend/src/widgets/MultiselectWidget.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/widgets/MultiselectWidget.test.tsx
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ test("confirms the checked ids including initially selected", async () => {
     />
   );
   await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("checkbox", { name: /t2/ }));
-  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /conferma/i }));
+  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /confirm/i }));
   expect(onRespond).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ id: "u1", kind: "multiselect", choices: ["t1", "t2"] });
 });
 
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ test("select-all checks all options", async () => {
       onRespond={onRespond}
     />
   );
-  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /seleziona tutti/i }));
-  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /conferma/i }));
+  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /select all/i }));
+  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /confirm/i }));
   expect(onRespond).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ id: "u1", kind: "multiselect", choices: ["a", "b"] });
 });
 
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ test("deselect-all unchecks all options", async () => {
       onRespond={onRespond}
     />
   );
-  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /deseleziona tutti/i }));
-  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /conferma/i }));
+  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /deselect all/i }));
+  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /confirm/i }));
   expect(onRespond).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ id: "u1", kind: "multiselect", choices: [] });
 });
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ test("confirm is disabled when nothing checked and allow_empty is false", async
       onRespond={onRespond}
     />
   );
-  const btn = screen.getByRole("button", { name: /conferma/i });
+  const btn = screen.getByRole("button", { name: /confirm/i });
   expect(btn).toBeDisabled();
   await userEvent.click(btn);
   expect(onRespond).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ test("deselect-all with allow_empty false disables Conferma (empty confirm impos
       onRespond={onRespond}
     />
   );
-  const btn = screen.getByRole("button", { name: /conferma/i });
+  const btn = screen.getByRole("button", { name: /confirm/i });
   expect(btn).not.toBeDisabled();
-  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /deseleziona tutti/i }));
+  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /deselect all/i }));
   expect(btn).toBeDisabled();
   await userEvent.click(btn);
   expect(onRespond).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ test("confirm is enabled when allow_empty is false but something is checked", as
       onRespond={onRespond}
     />
   );
-  const btn = screen.getByRole("button", { name: /conferma/i });
+  const btn = screen.getByRole("button", { name: /confirm/i });
   expect(btn).not.toBeDisabled();
   await userEvent.click(btn);
   expect(onRespond).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ id: "u1", kind: "multiselect", choices: ["x"] });
diff --git a/frontend/src/widgets/MultiselectWidget.tsx b/frontend/src/widgets/MultiselectWidget.tsx
index 67f621ba..38caf8c7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/widgets/MultiselectWidget.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/widgets/MultiselectWidget.tsx
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ export function MultiselectWidget({ descriptor, onRespond }: WidgetProps) {
       {descriptor.title && <p className="font-medium">{descriptor.title}</p>}
       <div className="flex gap-2">
         <button className="text-sm border rounded px-2 py-1" onClick={allChecked ? deselectAll : selectAll}>
-          {allChecked ? "Deseleziona tutti" : "Seleziona tutti"}
+          {allChecked ? "Deselect all" : "Select all"}
         </button>
       </div>
       <div className="flex flex-col gap-1">
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ export function MultiselectWidget({ descriptor, onRespond }: WidgetProps) {
         disabled={isDisabled}
         onClick={() => onRespond({ id: descriptor.id, kind: "multiselect", choices: Array.from(checked) })}
       >
-        Conferma
+        Confirm
       </button>
     </div>
   );
diff --git a/frontend/src/widgets/ReservedControls.tsx b/frontend/src/widgets/ReservedControls.tsx
index cdbfc740..7311733a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/widgets/ReservedControls.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/widgets/ReservedControls.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-const LABELS: Record<string, string> = { back: "Torna indietro", exit: "Esci", other: "Altro — specifica" };
+const LABELS: Record<string, string> = { back: "Go back", exit: "Exit", other: "Other — specify" };
 export function ReservedControls({ reserved, onControl }: { reserved?: string[]; onControl: (c: string) => void }) {
   if (!reserved?.length) return null;
   return <div className="flex gap-2 pt-2">{reserved.map((c) => (
diff --git a/frontend/src/widgets/SelectWidget.test.tsx b/frontend/src/widgets/SelectWidget.test.tsx
index f3c807f7..aaf9afa9 100644
--- a/frontend/src/widgets/SelectWidget.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/widgets/SelectWidget.test.tsx
@@ -12,6 +12,6 @@ test("picking an option responds with its id", async () => {
 test("a reserved control responds with control, not a choice", async () => {
   const onRespond = vi.fn();
   render(<SelectWidget descriptor={{ id: "u1", widget: "select", options: [{ id: "a", label: "A" }], reserved: ["back"] }} onRespond={onRespond} />);
-  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /indietro/i }));
+  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /back/i }));
   expect(onRespond).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ id: "u1", control: "back" });
 });
diff --git a/frontend/src/widgets/linkage.test.tsx b/frontend/src/widgets/linkage.test.tsx
index c044a1ea..18f503d4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/widgets/linkage.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/widgets/linkage.test.tsx
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ test("reject opens a freetext and combines the reason", async () => {
   );
   await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /Rifiuta/ }));
   await userEvent.type(screen.getByRole("textbox"), "join sbagliata");
-  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /invia/i }));
+  await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /send/i }));
   expect(onRespond).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
     id: "u1",
     kind: "artifact-gate",
diff --git a/frontend/src/widgets/registry.test.tsx b/frontend/src/widgets/registry.test.tsx
index e1591e0a..34b605cf 100644
--- a/frontend/src/widgets/registry.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/widgets/registry.test.tsx
@@ -11,5 +11,5 @@ test("resolve returns the registered renderer", () => {
 test("resolve falls back for unknown kind and shows the JSON", () => {
   const Comp = resolve("totally-unknown");
   render(<Comp descriptor={{ id: "u1", widget: "totally-unknown", title: "X" } as any} onRespond={() => {}} />);
-  expect(screen.getByText(/Widget non supportato/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
+  expect(screen.getByText(/Unsupported widget/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
 });